Discuss what the various responses to omens, nightmares...

One of the major concerns presented by Shakespeare in Julius Caesar is the struggle between fate and free will. This struggle is evident throughout the play through Shakespeares continual presentation of the supernatural. The supernatural is present in many different forms in the text, for example through omens, nightmares and sacrifices. Shakespeare believed that life was a combination of fate and freewill, he presents this idea to the audience through different events that occur throughout the play, events such as the Feast at the Lupercal, the Soothsayers prophecy, the animal sacrifice, Calpurnias dream and the presence of animals and Caesars ghost. These events build dramatic tension throughout the play, illustrating the struggle of†¦show more content†¦This flawed justification illustrates his confusion and how he does not seem to connect death with himself. Pathetic Fallacy is used by Shakespeare to create a mood of malevolence and darkness. Thunder and lightning is used frequently in the early stages of the play to highlight the lack of balance in the natural world. For example, when the conspirators are trying to convince Brutus to join the conspiracy there is a storm with thunder and lightning, this creates an ominous tone as an Elizabethan audience would have recognised the storm as an omen of unrest. The Elizabethans believed that storms released forces of evil and unrest, this indicates the unnatural dominance of corruption. The turmoil of the heavens directly represents the state of Rome and the minds of men, in particular, Brutus. The rampant storm and the peculiar signs of disharmony are misinterpreted by Caesar and this becomes an increasing important concern in the play. The ambiguities present in the omens are summed up by Cicero, men may construe things after their fashion clean from the purpose of the things themselves. T his is one message that Shakespeare presents to the audience, men at some stage are masters of their fates.

Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy Free Essays

The declaration of recession by the United States of America has been the official indicator that the country is indeed very much affected by the global financial crisis. The country is facing difficulties in many areas especially when it comes to the situation of their economy. This is clearly exemplified by an article that features President-elect Barack Obama urging the Congress to allow his administration to use the other $ 350 billion of the $ 700 billion rescue package. We will write a custom essay sample on Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main objective of the Obama administration is to use the $ 350 billion of financial bailout funds to help the Main Street more rather than the Wall Street. This amount of money will become available to the Treasury Department within the span of 15 days unless the Congress will pass a law to prevent it (Kelley and Fritze). However, some Republicans clearly oppose the plan to spend more. They justified such position with their perspective that such plan will not be effective. These Republicans asserted that they will only support the spending if there are assurances that the money will not be misspent. There are also some American citizens who are also skeptical about Obama’s plan because of the mismanagement of the first $ 350 billion during the Bush Administration. On the other hand, those who support Obama’s request understand the weariness of the people but they encourage them not to prevent the Obama Administration to use the funds because of their disappointment with the previous administration. President Obama sought to reassure the Congress by promising them that there will be transparency to the process and more money will be directed to address the foreclosure crisis. This is in support with the letter sent by Obama’s economic adviser Lawrence Summers to the Congressional leaders that the country’s fragile economy entails them to act â€Å"both quickly and wisely† (Kelley and Fritze). The economic principle applicable to this article is fiscal policy. Fiscal policy pertains to the â€Å"deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth† (McConnell and Brue 214). In relation with this, the request of President Obama for $ 350 billion exemplifies fiscal policy. The situation of the country under which the President made this request is in time of recession. It is said that fiscal policy is most applicable in such kind of economic condition. During time of recession, an expansionary fiscal policy is a possible way to address the problem. A possible reason behind the occurrence of recession is that the profit expectations on investment project have dimmed which curtailed investment spending and decreased aggregate demand. In this case, the federal government has three main options that it can use in order to stimulate the economy. These options are: (1) Increase government spending, (2) reduce taxes, or (3) use some combination of the two (McConnell and Brue 215). It is quite observable that President Obama opted to choose the first option, which is increased in government spending. A sufficient increase in the spending of the government can aid in pushing the economy out of recession. This will address one of the problems in times of recession because increased government spending will also increase aggregate demand. Nevertheless, the initial increase in aggregate demand is not the end because the multiplier effect will increase the original money spent by the government. The greater shift in the aggregate demand curve due to the multiplier process that magnifies the initial variation in spending into more successive rounds of new consumption spending (McConnell and Brue 215-216). Lastly, the political considerations that are observable in the article are also a part of implementing fiscal policy. This is due to the fact that fiscal policy is conducted in the political environment. As a result, economic considerations might be taken aside because of political concerns. It is also a common practice for politicians to rationalize actions and policies that are beneficial to one’s interest (McConnell and Brue 223). This is clearly proven by the opposite poles that the Republicans and Democrats have with regards to this issue. How to cite Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy, Papers

Economic and Security Review Commission †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic and Security Review Commission. Answer: Introduction: Tesco PLC is a multinational grocery and retail organization and they belong to Britain with the headquarters in, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom. It was found in 1919.This organization is known as the grocery king in the United of Kingdom. They are also known on the basis of their ranks in the global market as they are in the third position in terms of profits in their industry and they stand on the 9th position in terms of revenues in the global market. They are present in most big and emerging markets such as Asia, Europe, Hungry, Thailand, etc. They provide various types of goods as well as services to its consumers. Household items, grocery products, electronics management, furniture, etc. are some of the fields w=in which their presence could be found. More than 476,000 employees are working under in Tesco PLC across the globe and their subsidiaries companies are Tesco Stores Ltd., Tesco Bank, Tesco Mobile, Tesco Ireland, Tesco Family Dining Ltd., etc. In 2001, Tesco was involved in selling grocery items through internet sources in the US market and they attained 35% stake. With this success factor, Tesco starts selling its items through both mediums i.e. online sources as well as physical sources (Backer, 2010). According to the Network Society theory of the globalisation of the business, economy needs to be consisted with informational, knowledge-based, networked, etc. in terms of global networks of interactions. The economy which can work as one unit in order to attain desired goals and the objectives using adequate development in the information technology, computers, internet, and a new technological paradigm which leads to the new mode of development. With the adaptation of this theory for enhancing the globalisation in the business, adequate network structure will be made through which interaction level with the new technology paradigm will be enhanced. It enhanced the cultural material to increase the global economy for transforming the commodities into a processed knowledge. With the consumption of the information technology forces, a unique link between the culture and the productive forces will be developed which will lead to the enhancement in the production cycle (Chen Young, 20 10). Human society has also gained adequate advantage with the help of Network Society theory of globalisation. Information technology has a great impact and due to the implementation of the IT in the society and the business cultures, various types of advantages have been gained by them. IT has reduced the burden from the humans mind as with the help of IT sources, appropriate development has been occurred (Cui Jiang, 2012). Tesco PLC has also adopted this theory in order to enhance their performance and to move towards the global market. The major reason behind the success of the Tesco is the implementation as well as adaptation of the Information Technological sources for imposing the unique and centralised control system over all stores, subsidiary companies across the global market. Tesco PLC has attained adequate image in the global market and this is due to the adaptation of the Network Society Theory of globalisation. This theory explains that humans, as well as business firms, have adopted the advanced system for moving towards the global market for various purposes such as an expansion of the business, growth of the business, setting adequate image in the global market, etc. Hence, the same theory suits with the working procedure of the Tesco PLC and this is the major reason of their presence in more than 12 countries across the globe. Tesco PLC is the only retail store multination corporation o f Britain which has developed their presence in the overseas market management (Dunning, 2012). Host country analysis Tesco PLC is already present in the Chinese market but with the emerging market opportunities in China, Tesco has decided to introduce another retail store in the Chinese market. The major key factor is the emerging markets and the emerging economic conditions of the Chinese market. Following are the factors available in the Chinese market which attracts the business organization to expand their business in Chinese market: Capital Availability: Foreign Direct Investment is the terms which define the interest of a foreigner in local economy accepting risks and other factors available in the certain economic conditions. Till the late 1990s, US markets were the favourable choice for the foreign investors but in the early 2000s, China overtook US market and for the foreign companies, Chinese markets are favourable locations in terms of business expansion as well as for investment purposes (Jiang Sinton, 2011). Competitiveness: Chinese markets have the adequate availability of all the resources at cheap rates which are required for setting up the business in the foreign markets. Labour, workforce skills, talents, as well as the business development value chain are some of the resources available to China which attracts the Tesco to set up their store over there (Li, Cui Lu, 2014). Regulatory Environment: Every organization needs to fulfil the host countrys rules, regulations, policies, etc. in relation to avoid any kind of glitches in the activities of the organization. Regulatory environment describes that Chinese markets environmental conditions are quite simple and favourable in terms of business entities. Business entities need to fulfil the requirements determined by the government authorities in relation to the environmental conditions for enhancing the effectiveness in the organizational workplace. Apart from this, there are lot of factors available in the Chinese market which attracts the foreign companies to invest as well as to expand their business over there (Liang, Reiner Li, 2011). As per the Porters Diamond theory, it refers to the national advantage to certain country due to certain natural resources availability amongst the various countries of the globe. Those resources could be land, labour, skills, etc. These factors help the country to gain adequate competitive advantage in the global market. Country can gain the competitive advantage due to existing availability of the resources or they could also create their country sufficient enough to compete in the global market with certain unique capabilities. In this scenario, China has created them sufficient enough in recent years through utilising available resources in their country (Shealy Dorian, 2010). The major issue from which China was struggling was emerging population and they utilised their manpower in order to gain the competitive advantage in the global market. They have made their country as skilled labour as well as governments support for increasing the economic capability of the country. This is the reason; China has overtaken the US market in terms of getting high foreign direct investments. With the implementation of the policies in relation with utilising the available natural or human resources by the China, other countries have adopted the strategies adopted and implemented by the Chinese government. Continuous improvement in the Chinese GDP and in the national income, the major reason is adaptation of the unique strategies for utilising the available resources within the country to make the country capable enough to gain the adequate competitive advantage in the global market (Song, Yang Zhang, 2011). Foreign Entry Strategies Tesco PLC could choose absolute advantage theory or the new trade theory for analysing the available market entry options in the Chinese market. Absolute Theory refers to the concept where an organization produces high quality and huge quantity of certain products. This theory deals with the market entry strategies in the international market. Chinese market has gained the advantage in the competitive market using available manpower resources within the country. Tesco PLC could use this theory in order to determine the available market entry strategies for entering the Chinese market management for trading purpose. With the implementation of this theory, organization will be able to fulfil its requirements in relation to the adequate market entry strategy for entering the foreign country to perform business functionalities. Using this theory, Tesco could finalise one of the effective strategies for the purpose of entering into foreign country from licensing, franchising, joint ventur e, etc. types of market entry strategies (Szamosszegi Kyle, 2011). Apart from absolute advantage theory of choosing the adequate market entry strategy, Tesco could also choose the new trade theory for determining the available market entry strategies. This theory explains that trading activities increase with the increase in the FDI and the productivity level of the country. This theory is based on the assumptions such as monopolistic competition and rapid increase in the returns. According to this theory, international organizations attract towards the country through reviewing the productivity, skilled labour, etc. resources availability. With the implementation of this theory, organization would be able to analyse the appropriate market entry strategy through reviewing the available resources in China (Yi Davey, 2010). Market entry mode choosing is not an easy task; it requires adequate research and efforts. On the basis of market entry mode, success and the growth of the organization could be determined. Certain factors such as controlling measures, resource commitment, risk factors of the economy, etc. available in the country should be determined by selecting the appropriate mode for the Tesco to enter into Chinese market (Park, et. al., 2008). MNC and its impact The International business challenge may be referred as the risks and the uncertainties factors available in the economy in which organization is planning to expand their business (Newman, 2014). Expanding business in the overseas market could lead to various issues which could affect the performance of the organization. These issues act as the barriers to the success and the growth in the organizational functionalities. High risk factors involved in the certain market conditions, lack of skilled labour, lack of adequate financial resources, etc. are some of the issues present in the economy which could affect the business' performance, as well as the assumption of enhancing the demand of the organizational products, enhancement in the success as well as in the growth rate of the organization, will not be fulfilled. Following are some of the biggest challenges which could affect the Tesco's planning in order to enter the Chinese market for the purpose of expansion: Chinese Laws and Regulations: Before commencing the trading activities in the foreign market conditions, organization needs to evaluate and fulfil certain requirements in relation to the rules and the regulations described by the host countrys government. Tax legislations, laws of trading activities, etc. are some of the laws which need to be fulfilled by the organization to avoid disturbance in the trading activities which may arise due to non-fulfillment of the laws and regulations of the particular country. Apart from this, workplace requirements should also be considered. China has introduced various laws in relation to maintaining the worker's interest in the organization and they cannot be retrenched or terminated without any specific reason. As China has gained the top rank amongst the most emerging economies and the major factor behind this achievement is the labour of the China. China has utilised its population in an appropriate manner and as a result, they are known as the largest producer of various products and services, most favourable place in terms of FDI, etc. Hence, reviewing these factors, Tesco PLC needs to fulfil all these requirements especially requirements linked with the labours requirements in order to avoid glitches in the functionalities of the organization in terms of expansion of the business (Hamamura, et. al., 2009). Communication and Cultural Differences: Adaptation of effective communication strategy to operate the business activities act as the effective international business strategy. However, this may differ as per the culture. Thus, Tesco needs to adopt cross-cultural competencies in order to gain the adequate communication skills for the organization. In terms of international trading activities, organization needs to adopt certain effective communication strategies for making the effective communication amongst the colleagues, clients, foreign customers, etc. In the absence of practicing these strategies, organization may face the issues such as breaching of contracts in terms of trading activities, etc. (Hofstede, 2011). Multinational Corporations have created a great impact on the various countries economies. Due to development of MNCs, various opportunities such as employment, rise in the GDP, foreign direct investment, etc. have also increased. Thus, while performing the functionalities, MNCs needs to consider Global Compact Principles and the sustainable development goals in order to attain the organization as well as host countrys objectives. Certain global compact principles are human rights, labour, Environment, anti-corruption. Human Rights principles state that the MNCs need to support and respect the internationally proclaimed human rights in accordance with the organizational functionalities. Along with supporting and respecting human rights, organization needs to make sure that these rights do not be overruled as well as they should not be abused (Imada, 2012). Labour which is the important factor available in the Chinese markets should be protected from all the unethical activities to be conducted in the workplace. Child labour should be abolished, discriminatory practices should also be abolished which could affect the business performance. Environmental policies, rules and other requirements in consideration with the environmental conditions should also be considered while performing the functionalities of the organization (McSweeney, 2002). With the implementation and the adaptation of global compact principles as well as the sustainable development goals, organization will be able to attain the desired goals and the objectives for the origination (Kirby, 2017). References Backer, L.C., 2010, Sovereign investing in times of crisis: global regulation of sovereign wealth funds, state-owned enterprises, and the Chinese experience,Transnat'l L. Contemp. Probs.,vol. 19, pp.3. Chen, Y.Y. Young, M.N., 2010, Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by Chinese listed companies: A principalprincipal perspective,Asia Pacific Journal of Management,vol. 27 (3), pp.523-539. Cui, L. Jiang, F., 2012, State ownership effect on firms' FDI ownership decisions under institutional pressure: a study of Chinese outward-investing firms,Journal of International Business Studies,vol. 43 (3), pp.264-284. Dunning, J.H., 2012,Routledge, International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Hamamura, T., Meijer, Z., Heine, S. J., Kamaya, K., Hori, I., 2009, ApproachAvoidance motivation and information processing: A cross-cultural analysis,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,35(4), 454-462. Hofstede, G., 2011, Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context,Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Imada, T., 2012, Cultural narratives of individualism and collectivism: A content analysis of textbook stories in the United States and Japan,Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,43(4), 576-591. Jiang, J. Sinton, J., 2011, Overseas investments by Chinese national oil companies. Kirby, P. W., 2017,Troubled natures: waste, environment, Japan, University of Hawai'i Press. Li, M.H., Cui, L. Lu, J., 2014, Varieties in state capitalism: Outward FDI strategies of central and local state-owned enterprises from emerging economy countries,Journal of International Business Studies,vol. 45 (8), pp.980-1004. Liang, X., Reiner, D. Li, J., 2011, Perceptions of opinion leaders towards CCS demonstration projects in China,Applied Energy,vol. 88 (5), pp.1873-1885. McSweeney, B., 2002, Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith-a failure of analysis,Human relations,55(1), 89-118. Newman, A., 2014, Business Communication: In Person, In Print, Online, USA: Cengage Learning. Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M. K., Omurgonulsen, U., 2008, Cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistleblowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the UK,Journal of Business Ethics,82(4), 929-939. Shealy, M. Dorian, J.P., 2010, Growing Chinese coal use: dramatic resource and environmental implications,Energy Policy,vol. 38 (5), pp.2116-2122. Song, L., Yang, J. Zhang, Y., 2011, State?owned Enterprises' Outward Investment and the Structural Reform in China,China World Economy,vol. 19 (4), pp.38-53. Szamosszegi, A. Kyle, C., 2011,Capital Trade, Incorporated for US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, An analysis of state-owned enterprises and state capitalism in China, pp. 89. Yi, A. Davey, H., 2010, Intellectual capital disclosure in Chinese (mainland) companies,Journal of intellectual capital,vol. 11 (3), pp.326-347.

Romeo And Juliet Essays (341 words) - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet 5 Paragraph Essay Introduction: Love conquers all. Romeo and Juliet are two young people that are very much in love. Even though they both come from feuding families. Romeo is a romantic character that loves Juliet more than himself or his family. This is true love. Paragraph1: Romeo expresses his love for Juliet, Call me but love, and I shall be new baptized; henceforth I will never be Romeo. (2.2 50-51). Romeo is saying that he will no longer be a Capulet if Juliet really loves him. Let me stand here till thou remember it. (2.2 172). Romeo is so in love with Juliet that he wants to stand outside her window for as long as possible just to be with her. Paragraph2: Juliet expresses her love for Romeo, and the place death, considering who thou art, if any of my kinsmen find thee here. (2.2 64-65). Juliet is warning Romeo that if her kinsmen see him then he will be killed. She obviously shows concern for him. Sweet, sweet, sweet nurse, tell me, what says my love? (2.6 54) Juliet is anxious to hear from her love Romeo when the nurse delivered a message to her. Paragraph3: Juliet still loves Romeo through thick and thin. This includes Romeo killing her cousin Tybalt. Blistered be thy tongue for such a wish! He was not born to shame. (3.2 91-92) Juliet is mad at her nurse for shaming Romeo. Juliet also said That villain cousin would have killed my husband. (3.2 101) Juliet is actually happy that Romeo killed Tybalt instead of Romeo being dead. He is still banished. Conclusion: I think this really is true love. Romeo and Juliet are two young people that are very much in love even though they both come from feuding families. Romeo is a romantic character that loves Juliet more than himself or his family. Love conquers all! Poetry

Definition of Salon

Definition of Salon Salon, derived from the French word salon (a living room or parlor), means a conversational gathering. Usually, this is a select group of intellectuals, artists, and politicians who meet in the private residence of a socially influential (and often wealthy) person. Pronunciation: sal ·on The Gertrude Stein   Numerous wealthy women have presided over salons in France and England since the 17th century. The American novelist and playwright Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) was known for her salon at 27 rue de Fleurus in Paris, where Picasso, Matisse, and other creative people would meet to discuss art, literature, politics and, no doubt, themselves. (noun) - Alternately, the Salon (always with a capital S) was the official art exhibition sponsored by the Acadà ©mie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. The Acadà ©mie was begun by Cardinal Mazarin in 1648 under the royal patronage of Louis XIV. The royal Acadà ©mie exhibition took place in the Salon dApollon in the Louvre in 1667 and was meant for only members of the Academy. In 1737 the exhibition was opened to the public and held annually, then biannually (during odd years). In 1748, a jury system was introduced. The jurors were members of the Academy and previous winners of Salon medals. The French Revolution After the French Revolution in 1789, the exhibition was opened to all French artists and became an annual event again. In 1849, medals were introduced. In 1863, the Academy exhibited the rejected artists in the Salon des Refusà ©s, which took place in a separate venue. Similar to our annual Academy Awards for Motion Pictures, the artists who made the cut for that years Salon counted on this affirmation by their peers to advance their careers. There was no other way to become a successful artist in France until the Impressionists courageously organized their own exhibition outside the authority of the Salon system. Salon art, or academic art, refers to the official style that the juries for the official Salon deemed acceptable. During the 19th century, the prevailing taste favored the finished surface inspired by Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825), a Neoclassical painter. In 1881, the French government withdrew its sponsorship and Socià ©tà © des Artistes Franà §ais took over the administration of the exhibition. These artists had been elected by artists who had already participated in the previous Salons. Therefore, the Salon continued to represent the established taste in France and resist the avant-garde. In 1889, the Socià ©tà © Nationale des Beaux-Arts broke away from the Artistes Franà §ais and founded their own salon. Here Are Other Breakaway Salons Salon des Aquarellistes (Watercolorists Salon), begun 1878Salon de lUnion des Femmes Peintres et Sculpteurs (Women Painters and Sculptors Union Salon), begun 1881Salon des Indà ©pendants, begun 1884Salon des Graveurs (Printmakers Salon), begun 1900Salon dautomne (Fall Salon), begun 1903Salon de lÉcole Franà §aise (French School Salon), begun 1903Salon dHiver (Winter Salon), founded in 1897, first exhibition 1904Salon des Arts Dà ©coratifs, begun 1905Salon de la Comà ©die Humaine, begun 1906Salon des Humeuristes begun 1908

Barack Obama - Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Health Care Reform (9 September 2009)

Barack Obama Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Health Care Reform delivered 9 September 2009 Madam Speaker, Vice President Biden, members of Congress, and the American people:When I spoke here last winter, this nation was facing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. We were losing an average of 700,000 jobs per month. Credit was frozen. And our financial system was on the verge of collapse.As any American who is still looking for work or a way to pay their bills will tell you, we are by no means out of the woods. A full and vibrant recovery is still many months away. And I will not let up until those Americans who seek jobs can find them until those businesses that seek capital and credit can thrive; until all responsible homeowners can stay in their homes. That is our ultimate goal. But thanks to the bold and decisive action weve taken since January, I can stand here with confidence and say that we have pulled this economy back from the brink. I want to thank the members of this body for your efforts and your support in these last several months, and especially those whove taken the difficult votes that have put us on a path to recovery. I also want to thank the American people for their patience and resolve during this trying time for our nation. But we did not come here just to clean up crises. We came here to build a future. So tonight, I return to speak to all of you about an issue that is central to that future and that is the issue of health care. I am not the first President to take up this cause, but I am determined to be the last. It has now been nearly a century since Theodore Roosevelt first called for health care reform. And ever since, nearly every President and Congress, whether Democrat or Republican, has attempted to meet this challenge in some way. A bill for comprehensive health reform was first introduced by John Dingell Sr. in 1943. Sixty-five years later, his son continues to introduce that same bill at the beginning of each session. Our collective failure to meet this challenge year after year, decade after decade has led us to the breaking point. Everyone understands the extraordinary hardships that are placed on the uninsured, who live every day just one accident or illness away from bankruptcy. These are not primarily people on welfare. These are middle-class Americans. Some cant get insurance on the job. Others are self-employed, and cant afford it, since buying insurance on your own costs you three times as much as the coverage you get from your employer. Many other Americans who are willing and able to pay are still denied insurance due to previous illnesses or conditions that insurance companies decide are too risky or too expensive to cover. We are the only democracy the only advanced democracy on Earth the only wealthy nation that allows such hardship for millions of its people. There are now more than 30 million American citizens who cannot get coverage. In just a two-year period, one in every three Americans goes without health care coverage at some point. And every day, 14,000 Americans lose their coverage. In other words, it can happen to anyone. But the problem that plagues the health care system is not just a problem for the uninsured. Those who do have insurance have never had less security and stability than they do today. More and more Americans worry that if you move, lose your job, or change your job, youll lose your health insurance too. More and more Americans pay their premiums, only to discover that their insurance company has dropped their coverage when they get sick, or wont pay the full cost of care. It happens every day. One man from Illinois lost his coverage in the middle of chemotherapy because his insurer found that he hadnt reported gallstones that he didnt even know about. They delayed his treatment, and he died because of it. Another woman from Texas was about to get a double mastectomy when her insurance company canceled her policy because she forgot to declare a case of acne. By the time she had her insurance reinstated, her breast cancer had more than doubled in size. That is heart-breaking, it is wrong, and no one should be treated that way in the United States of America. Then theres the problem of rising cost. We spend one and a half times more per person on health care than any other country, but we arent any healthier for it. This is one of the reasons that insurance premiums have gone up three times faster than wages. Its why so many employers especially small businesses are forcing their employees to pay more for insurance, or are dropping their coverage entirely. Its why so many aspiring entrepreneurs cannot afford to open a business in the first place, and why American businesses that compete internationally like our automakers are at a huge disadvantage. And its why those of us with health insurance are also paying a hidden and growing tax for those without it about $1,000 per year that pays for somebody elses emergency room and charitable care. Finally, our health care system is placing an unsustainable burden on taxpayers. When health care costs grow at the rate they have, it puts greater pressure on programs like Medicare and Medicaid. If we do nothing to slow these skyrocketing costs, we will eventually be spending more on Medicare and Medicaid than every other government program combined. Put simply, our health care problem is our deficit problem. Nothing else even comes close. Nothing else. Now, these are the facts. Nobody disputes them. We know we must reform this system. The question is how. There are those on the left who believe that the only way to fix the system is through a single-payer system like Canadas where we would severely restrict the private insurance market and have the government provide coverage for everybody. On the right, there are those who argue that we should end employer-based systems and leave individuals to buy health insurance on their own. Ive said I have to say that there are arguments to be made for both these approaches. But either one would represent a radical shift that would disrupt the health care most people currently have. Since health care represents one-sixth of our economy, I believe it makes more sense to build on what works and fix what doesnt, rather than try to build an entirely new system from scratch. And that is precisely what those of you in Congress have tried to do over the past several months. During that time, weve seen Washington at its best and at its worst. Weve seen many in this chamber work tirelessly for the better part of this year to offer thoughtful ideas about how to achieve reform. Of the five committees asked to develop bills, four have completed their work, and the Senate Finance Committee announced today that it will move forward next week. That has never happened before. Our overall efforts have been supported by an unprecedented coalition of doctors and nurses; hospitals, seniors groups, and even drug companies many of whom opposed reform in the past. And there is agreement in this chamber on about 80 percent of what needs to be done, putting us closer to the goal of reform than we have ever been. But what weve also seen in these last months is the same partisan spectacle that only hardens the disdain many Americans have towards their own government. Instead of honest debate, weve seen scare tactics. Some have dug into unyielding ideological camps that offer no hope of compromise. Too many have used this as an opportunity to score short-term political points, even if it robs the country of our opportunity to solve a long-term challenge. And out of this blizzard of charges and counter-charges, confusion has reigned. Well, the time for bickering is over. The time for games has passed. Now is the season for action. Now is when we must bring the best ideas of both parties together, and show the American people that we can still do what we were sent here to do. Now is the time to deliver on health care. Now is the time to deliver on health care. The plan Im announcing tonight would meet three basic goals. It will provide more security and stability to those who have health insurance. It will provide insurance for those who dont. And it will slow the growth of health care costs for our families, our businesses, and our government. Its a plan that asks everyone to take responsibility for meeting this challenge not just government, not just insurance companies, but everybody including employers and individuals. And its a plan that incorporates ideas from senators and congressmen, from Democrats and Republicans and yes, from some of my opponents in both the primary and general election. Here are the details that every American needs to know about this plan. First, if you are among the hundreds of millions of Americans who already have health insurance through your job, or Medicare, or Medicaid, or the VA, nothing in this plan will require you or your employer to change the coverage or the doctor you have. Let me repeat this: Nothing in our plan requires you to change what you have. What this plan will do is make the insurance you have work better for you. Under this plan, it will be against the law for insurance companies to deny you coverage because of a preexisting condition. As soon as I sign this bill, it will be against the law for insurance companies to drop your coverage when you get sick or water it down when you need it the most. They will no longer be able to place some arbitrary cap on the amount of coverage you can receive in a given year or in a lifetime. We will place a limit on how much you can be charged for out-of-pocket expenses, because in the United States of America, no one should go broke because they get sick. And insurance companies will be required to cover, with no extra charge, routine checkups and preventive care, like mammograms and colonoscopies because theres no reason we shouldnt be catching diseases like breast cancer and colon cancer before they get worse. That makes sense, it saves money, and it saves lives. Now, thats what Americans who have health insurance can expect from this plan more security and more stability. Now, if youre one of the tens of millions of Americans who dont currently have health insurance, the second part of this plan will finally offer you quality, affordable choices. If you lose your job or you change your job, youll be able to get coverage. If you strike out on your own and start a small business, youll be able to get coverage. Well do this by creating a new insurance exchange a marketplace where individuals and small businesses will be able to shop for health insurance at competitive prices. Insurance companies will have an incentive to participate in this exchange because it lets them compete for millions of new customers. As one big group, these customers will have greater leverage to bargain with the insurance companies for better prices and quality coverage. This is how large companies and government employees get affordable insurance. Its how everyone in this Congress gets affordable insurance. And its time to give every American the same opportunity that we give ourselves. Now, for those individuals and small businesses who still cant afford the lower-priced insurance available in the exchange, well provide tax credits, the size of which will be based on your need. And all insurance companies that want access to this new marketplace will have to abide by the consumer protections I already mentioned. This exchange will take effect in four years, which will give us time to do it right. In the meantime, for those Americans who cant get insurance today because they have preexisting medical conditions, we will immediately offer low-cost coverage that will protect you against financial ruin if you become seriously ill. This was a good idea when Senator John McCain proposed it in the campaign, its a good idea now, and we should all embrace it. Now, even if we provide these affordable options, there may be those especially the young and the healthy who still want to take the risk and go without coverage. There may still be companies that refuse to do right by their workers by giving them coverage. The problem is, such irresponsible behavior costs all the rest of us money. If there are affordable options and people still dont sign up for health insurance, it means we pay for these peoples expensive emergency room visits. If some businesses dont provide workers health care, it forces the rest of us to pick up the tab when their workers get sick, and gives those businesses an unfair advantage over their competitors. And unless everybody does their part, many of the insurance reforms we seek especially requiring insurance companies to cover preexisting conditions just cant be achieved. And thats why under my plan, individuals will be required to carry basic health insurance just as most states require you to carry auto insurance. Likewise likewise, businesses will be required to either offer their workers health care, or chip in to help cover the cost of their workers. There will be a hardship waiver for those individuals who still cant afford coverage, and 95 percent of all small businesses, because of their size and narrow profit margin, would be exempt from these requirements. But we cant have large businesses and individuals who can afford coverage game the system by avoiding responsibility to themselves or their employees. Improving our health care system only works if everybody does their part. And while there remain some significant details to be ironed out, I believe I believe a broad consensus exists for the aspects of the plan I just outlined: consumer protections for those with insurance, an exchange that allows individuals and small businesses to purchase affordable coverage, and a requirement that people who can afford insurance get insurance. And I have no doubt that these reforms would greatly benefit Americans from all walks of life, as well as the economy as a whole. Still, given all the misinformation thats been spread over the past few months, I realize I realize that many Americans have grown nervous about reform. So tonight I want to address some of the key controversies that are still out there. Some of peoples concerns have grown out of bogus claims spread by those whose only agenda is to kill reform at any cost. The best example is the claim made not just by radio and cable talk show hosts, but by prominent politicians, that we plan to set up panels of bureaucrats with the power to kill off senior citizens. Now, such a charge would be laughable if it werent so cynical and irresponsible. It is a lie, plain and simple. There are also those who claim that our reform efforts would insure illegal immigrants. This, too, is false. The reforms the reforms Im proposing would not apply to those who are here illegally. Rep. Joe Wilson, R-South Carolina: You lie! President Obama: Its not true. And one more misunderstanding I want to clear up under our plan, no federal dollars will be used to fund abortions, and federal conscience laws will remain in place. Now, my health care proposal has also been attacked by some who oppose reform as a government takeover of the entire health care system. As proof, critics point to a provision in our plan that allows the uninsured and small businesses to choose a publicly sponsored insurance option, administered by the government just like Medicaid or Medicare. So let me set the record straight here. My guiding principle is, and always has been, that consumers do better when there is choice and competition. Thats how the market works. Unfortunately, in 34 states, 75 percent of the insurance market is controlled by five or fewer companies. In Alabama, almost 90 percent is controlled by just one company. And without competition, the price of insurance goes up and quality goes down. And it makes it easier for insurance companies to treat their customers badly by cherry-picking the healthiest individuals and trying to drop the sickest, by overcharging small businesses who have no leverage, and by jacking up rates. Insurance executives dont do this because theyre bad people; they do it because its profitable. As one former insurance executive testified before Congress, insurance companies are not only encouraged to find reasons to drop the seriously ill, they are rewarded for it. All of this is in service of meeting what this former executive called Wall Streets relentless profit expectations. Now, I have no interest in putting insurance companies out of business. They provide a legitimate service, and employ a lot of our friends and neighbors. I just want to hold them accountable. And the insurance reforms that Ive already mentioned would do just that. But an additional step we can take to keep insurance companies honest is by making a not-for-profit public option available in the insurance exchange. Now, let me be clear. Let me be clear. It would only be an option for those who dont have insurance. No one would be forced to choose it, and it would not impact those of you who already have insurance. In fact, based on Congressional Budget Office estimates, we believe that less than 5 percent of Americans would sign up. Despite all this, the insurance companies and their allies dont like this idea. They argue that these private companies cant fairly compete with the government. And theyd be right if taxpayers were subsidizing this public insurance option. But they wont be. Ive insisted that like any private insurance company, the public insurance option would have to be self-sufficient and rely on the premiums it collects. But by avoiding some of the overhead that gets eaten up at private companies by profits and excessive administrative costs and executive salaries, it could provide a good deal for consumers, and would also keep pressure on private insurers to keep their policies affordable and treat their customers better, the same way public colleges and universities provide additional choice and competition to students without in any way inhibiting a vibrant system of private colleges and universities. Now, it is its worth noting that a strong majority of Americans still favor a public insurance option of the sort Ive proposed tonight. But its impact shouldnt be exaggerated by the left or the right or the media. It is only one part of my plan, and shouldnt be used as a handy excuse for the usual Washington ideological battles. To my progressive friends, I would remind you that for decades, the driving idea behind reform has been to end insurance company abuses and make coverage available for those without it. The public option the public option is only a means to that end and we should remain open to other ideas that accomplish our ultimate goal. And to my Republican friends, I say that rather than making wild claims about a government takeover of health care, we should work together to address any legitimate concerns you may have. For example For example, some have suggested that the public option go into effect only in those markets where insurance companies are not providing affordable policies. Others have proposed a co-op or another non-profit entity to administer the plan. These are all constructive ideas worth exploring. But I will not back down on the basic principle that if Americans cant find affordable coverage, we will provide you with a choice. And I will make sure that no government bureaucrat or insurance company bureaucrat gets between you and the care that you need. Finally, let me discuss an issue that is a great concern to me, to members of this chamber, and to the public and thats how we pay for this plan. And heres what you need to know. First, I will not sign a plan that adds one dime to our deficits either now or in the future. I will not sign it if it adds one dime to the deficit, now or in the future, period. And to prove that Im serious, there will be a provision in this plan that requires us to come forward with more spending cuts if the savings we promised dont materialize. Now, part of the reason I faced a trillion-dollar deficit when I walked in the door of the White House is because too many initiatives over the last decade were not paid for from the Iraq war to tax breaks for the wealthy. I will not make that same mistake with health care. Second, weve estimated that most of this plan can be paid for by finding savings within the existing health care system, a system that is currently full of waste and abuse. Right now, too much of the hard-earned savings and tax dollars we spend on health care dont make us any healthier. Thats not my judgment its the judgment of medical professionals across this country. And this is also true when it comes to Medicare and Medicaid. In fact, I want to speak directly to seniors for a moment, because Medicare is another issue thats been subjected to demagoguery and distortion during the course of this debate. More than four decades ago, this nation stood up for the principle that after a lifetime of hard work, our seniors should not be left to struggle with a pile of medical bills in their later years. Thats how Medicare was born. And it remains a sacred trust that must be passed down from one generation to the next. And that is why not a dollar of the Medicare trust fund will be used to pay for this plan. The only thing this plan would eliminate is the hundreds of billions of dollars in waste and fraud, as well as unwarranted subsidies in Medicare that go to insurance companies subsidies that do everything to pad their profits but dont improve the care of seniors. And we will also create an independent commission of doctors and medical experts charged with identifying more waste in the years ahead. Now, these steps will ensure that you Americas seniors get the benefits youve been promised. They will ensure that Medicare is there for future generations. And we can use some of the savings to fill the gap in coverage that forces too many seniors to pay thousands of dollars a year out of their own pockets for prescription drugs. Thats what this plan will do for you. So dont pay attention to those scary stories about how your benefits will be cut, especially since some of the same folks who are spreading these tall tales have fought against Medicare in the past and just this year supported a budget that would essentially have turned Medicare into a privatized voucher program. That will not happen on my watch. I will protect Medicare. Now, because Medicare is such a big part of the health care system, making the program more efficient can help usher in changes in the way we deliver health care that can reduce costs for everybody. We have long known that some places like the Intermountain Healthcare in Utah or the Geisinger Health System in rural Pennsylvania offer high-quality care at costs below average. So the commission can help encourage the adoption of these common-sense best practices by doctors and medical professionals throughout the system everything from reducing hospital infection rates to encouraging better coordination between teams of doctors. Reducing the waste and inefficiency in Medicare and Medicaid will pay for most of this plan. Now, much of the rest would be paid for with revenues from the very same drug and insurance companies that stand to benefit from tens of millions of new customers. And this reform will charge insurance companies a fee for their most expensive policies, which will encourage them to provide greater value for the money an idea which has the support of Democratic and Republican experts. And according to these same experts, this modest change could help hold down the cost of health care for all of us in the long run. Now, finally, many in this chamber particularly on the Republican side of the aisle have long insisted that reforming our medical malpractice laws can help bring down the cost of health care. Now there you go. There you go. Now, I dont believe malpractice reform is a silver bullet, but Ive talked to enough doctors to know that defensive medicine may be contributing to unnecessary costs.So Im proposing that we move forward on a range of ideas about how to put patient safety first and let doctors focus on practicing medicine. I know that the Bush administration considered authorizing demonstration projects in individual states to test these ideas. I think its a good idea, and Im directing my Secretary of Health and Human Services to move forward on this initiative today. Now, add it all up, and the plan Im proposing will cost around $900 billion over 10 years less than we have spent on the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and less than the tax cuts for the wealthiest few Americans that Congress passed at the beginning of the previous administration. Now, most of these costs will be paid for with money already being spent but spent badly in the existing health care system. The plan will not add to our deficit. The middle class will realize greater security, not higher taxes. And if we are able to slow the growth of health care costs by just one-tenth of 1 percent each year one-tenth of 1 percent it will actually reduce the deficit by $4 trillion over the long term. Now, this is the plan Im proposing. Its a plan that incorporates ideas from many of the people in this room tonight Democrats and Republicans. And I will continue to seek common ground in the weeks ahead. If you come to me with a serious set of proposals, I will be there to listen. My door is always open. But know this: I will not waste time with those who have made the calculation that its better politics to kill this plan than to improve it. I wont stand by while the special interests use the same old tactics to keep things exactly the way they are. If you misrepresent whats in this plan, we will call you out. And I will not and I will not accept the status quo as a solution. Not this time. Not now. Everyone in this room knows what will happen if we do nothing. Our deficit will grow. More families will go bankrupt. More businesses will close. More Americans will lose their coverage when they are sick and need it the most. And more will die as a result. We know these things to be true. That is why we cannot fail. Because there are too many Americans counting on us to succeed the ones who suffer silently, and the ones who shared their stories with us at town halls, in e-mails, and in letters. I received one of those letters a few days ago. It was from our beloved friend and colleague, Ted Kennedy. He had written it back in May, shortly after he was told that his illness was terminal. He asked that it be delivered upon his death. In it, he spoke about what a happy time his last months were, thanks to the love and support of family and friends, his wife, Vicki, his amazing children, who are all here tonight. And he expressed confidence that this would be the year that health care reform that great unfinished business of our society, he called it would finally pass. He repeated the truth that health care is decisive for our future prosperity, but he also reminded me that it concerns more than material things. What we face, he wrote, is above all a moral issue; at stake are not just the details of policy, but fundamental principles of social justice and the character of our country. Ive thought about that phrase quite a bit in recent days the character of our country. One of the unique and wonderful things about America has always been our self-reliance, our rugged individualism, our fierce defense of freedom and our healthy skepticism of government. And figuring out the appropriate size and role of government has always been a source of rigorous and, yes, sometimes angry debate. Thats our history. For some of Ted Kennedys critics, his brand of liberalism represented an affront to American liberty. In their minds, his passion for universal health care was nothing more than a passion for big government. But those of us who knew Teddy and worked with him here people of both parties know that what drove him was something more. His friend Orrin Hatch he knows that. They worked together to provide children with health insurance. His friend John McCain knows that. They worked together on a Patients Bill of Rights. His friend Chuck Grassley knows that. They worked together to provide health care to children with disabilities. On issues like these, Ted Kennedys passion was born not of some rigid ideology, but of his own experience. It was the experience of having two children stricken with cancer. He never forgot the sheer terror and helplessness that any parent feels when a child is badly sick. And he was able to imagine what it must be like for those without insurance, what it would be like to have to say to a wife or a child or an aging parent, there is something that could make you better, but I just cant afford it. That large-heartedness that concern and regard for the plight of others is not a partisan feeling. Its not a Republican or a Democratic feeling. It, too, is part of the American character our ability to stand in other peoples shoes; a recognition that we are all in this together, and when fortune turns against one of us, others are there to lend a helping hand; a belief that in this country, hard work and responsibility should be rewarded by some measure of security and fair play; and an acknowledgment that sometimes government has to step in to help deliver on that promise. This has always been the history of our progress. In 1935, when over half of our seniors could not support themselves and millions had seen their savings wiped away, there were those who argued that Social Security would lead to socialism, but the men and women of Congress stood fast, and we are all the better for it. In 1965, when some argued that Medicare represented a government takeover of health care, members of Congress Democrats and Republicans did not back down. They joined together so that all of us could enter our golden years with some basic peace of mind. You see, our predecessors understood that government could not, and should not, solve every problem. They understood that there are instances when the gains in security from government action are not worth the added constraints on our freedom. But they also understood that the danger of too much government is matched by the perils of too little; that without the leavening hand of wise policy, markets can crash, monopolies can stifle competition, the vulnerable can be exploited. And they knew that when any government measure, no matter how carefully crafted or beneficial, is subject to scorn; when any efforts to help people in need are attacked as un-American; when facts and reason are thrown overboard and only timidity passes for wisdom, and we can no longer even engage in a civil conversation with each other over the things that truly matter that at that point we dont merely lose our capacity to solve big challenges. We lose something essential about ourselves. That was true then. It remains true today. I understand how difficult this health care debate has been. I know that many in this country are deeply skeptical that government is looking out for them. I understand that the politically safe move would be to kick the can further down the road to defer reform one more year, or one more election, or one more term. But that is not what the moment calls for. Thats not what we came here to do. We did not come to fear the future. We came here to shape it. I still believe we can act even when its hard. I still believe I still believe that we can act when its hard. I still believe we can replace acrimony with civility, and gridlock with progress. I still believe we can do great things, and that here and now we will meet historys test. Because thats who we are. That is our calling. That is our character. Thank you, God bless you, and may God bless the United States of America. Source: WhiteHouse.gov

Proposal report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposal report - Assignment Example In the modern society where internet has revolutionized the way of conducting communication among individuals, groups and departmental units, web based internal administration system bears a special relevance. This system allows managers to manage projects effectively, thereby ensuring that operational efficiency is achieved with minimal errors. Thus, this research proposal is about one such web based internal administration system and its associated characteristics, which will enable the manager of a construction company to conduct all its business processes very effectively. The construction industry throughout the world is splintered due to involvement of many stakeholders and phases in a construction project (Yi and Hwang, 2003). As a result of this fragmentation, construction companies have faced number of well documented problems with information processing and communication (Maurer, et al., 2000; Thorpe and Mead, 2001). In addition to that, fragmentation has also been largely responsible for creation of adversarial relationships between parties involved in a particular project (Alshawi and Ingirige, 2003). This fragmentation has been widely believed as the cause of low productivity in construction companies (Dossick and Sakagami, 2008). With the advent of information technology, modern and innovative information technology tools are being increasingly used by construction companies in order to minimize certain problems associated with fragmentation (Lee and Yu, 2012). The utilization of information technology in the form of web based project management applications has resulted in improvement of collaboration and coordination between companies participating actively in a construction project (Han, et al., 2008). Consequently, the communication practices between functional units in the construction organization are

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Nestle Report Essay Example for Free

Nestle Report Essay INTRODUCTION OF NESTLE: Nestle is the leading FMCG company of Switzerland established by Henri Nestle. Nestle is serving worldwide with its more than 500 factories in 86 countries comprising almost all continents. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s product portfolio is more than 500 products all over the world serving best to their customers. Henri Nestlà © endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Companys logo and a symbol of the Companys care and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestlà © nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family that are so essential to life. The first product made by Henri Nestlà ©, a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. His first success was a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. People quickly recognized the value of the new product, after Nestlà ©s new formula saved the childs life, and soon, Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was being sold in much of Europe. Nestlà © has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988, when the parent company, the Switzerland-based Nestlà © SA, first acquired a share in Milkpak Ltd. NESTLE BRANDS: Quality is an essential ingredient in all the Nestlà © brands and Nestlà © brands maintain nutritional balance in a fast pace world, that is why people around the globe choose. The detail of the Nestlà © brand is as follows: * Baby foods (Nestlà © Cerelac, NAN) * Breakfast cereals (Nestlà © Cereals) * Dairy products (Milkpak, NIDO, Nespray, Nestlà © Yogurts, Everyday) * Ice-creams (Movenpick, Dreyer’s) * Chocolate confectionary (Kit Kat, Smarties, Toffo) * Beverages (Nescafe, Milo, Nestlà © juices) * Food service (Nestlà © Jumbo Bottle) * Prepared foods (Maggi, Powered Soups) * Bottled water ( Nestlà © Pure Life, Nestlà © Aquarral) * Pet care (Pro Plan, Purine, ONE, Fancy feast, Dog Chow, Cat Chow, Felix, Alpo) * Pharmaceuticals (Ophthalmic drugs, lens-care solutions optical surgical Instruments) * Nesquick and Nesvita pro bones BRANDS. * NESTLE VISION. The consumers voice is the key to Nestlà © Pakistans vision and working. Whether you live in the remotest village or the city of Karachi, Nestle consumer services team stands ready to listen to your concerns and provide  answers about our products and guidance on matters of health and wellness. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s global vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company of the world. Nestle’ Pakistan subscribes fully to this global vision. In addition to that, Nestle Pakistan also envisions to: * Lead a dynamic motivated and professional workforce that is proud of its heritage and bullish about the future. * Meet the nutritional needs of all age groups through a diversified product range that contains an innovative portfolio of branded food and beverages of the highest quality. * Maintain long-term growth and deliver shareholder value. * Establishing responsible communication with the consumer, which in turn can provide us a better look into what changes need to be made to our products. * Strengthen the position as the best career destination for talented and motivated individuals. * NESTLE MISSION. â€Å"Nestle is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique experience of anticipating consumers needs and creating solutions, Nestle contributes to your well-being and enhances your quality of life.†(3) * NESTLE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. Nestle business objective is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. Nestle recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs, and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust and that without its consumers the Company would not exist. Nestle continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. At the entrance of this new millennium, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s objective Is to consolidate and strengthen its leading position at the cutting edge of innovation in the food area in order to meet the needs and desires of customers around the world, for pleasure, convenience, health and well being. * NESTLE TODAY. Nestle is now the worlds largest food company. It is present on all five  continents, has an annual turnover of 74.7 billion Swiss francs, runs 509 factories in 83 countries and employs about 231,000 people the world over. The Company owes its current status to the pioneering spirit inherited from its founders which continues to inspire it, to its concern with quality and to its constant search for new ways of satisfying mans nutritional needs. Wherever possible, it sets up factories locally, employs personnel from the country concerned and relies on indigenous raw materials. Its agricultural services provide assistance to improve the quality and yield of the raw materials it uses. Much attention is devoted to professional training and to the integration of the Company in its economic and social environment. HRM AT NESTLE. HR Policy * Joining Nestlà © The long-term success of the Company depends on its capacity to attract, retain and develop employees able to ensure its growth on a continuing basis. This is a primary responsibility for all managers. The Nestlà © policy is to hire staff with personal attitudes and professional skills enabling them to develop a long-term relationship with the Company. Therefore, the potential for professional development is an essential standard for recruitment. Each new member joining Nestlà © is to become a participant in developing a sustainable quality culture, which implies a commitment to the organization and a sense for continuous improvement leaving no room for complacency. Therefore, and in view of the importance of these Nestlà © values, special attention will be paid to the matching between a candidates values and the Company culture. * Culture Nestle culture consist of values, norms, and understandings within its working environment Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s culture is Achievement culture because its statement shows that Nestle has a clear vision for its purpose and goals. As they have set some standards and goals to meet in future (100 Million company in 2014) * Management style Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s has a narrow span of control and high departmentalization formulation is very high so their management style is bureaucratic but participation is also appreciated .as they have also C.I department that recognize the idea and thoughts by employees PROJECT REPORT. Q: 1 What is the criterion of selection in your organization? Ans: Following are the criterion of selection in our organization: * He should be well granted personality. * Good internships * Good curriculum projects * GPA does not matter if the person’s basic concepts are clear about his major subjects. * One should friendly and have mobility factor to adjust in culture of our organization that is specific. * Confidence level should be high. * One should sincere and loyal. Q: 2 Do you prefer written tests? Ans: No, we do not take any type of written tests. Q: 3 Do institutions influence? Ans: 3,4 years ago institutions influence the selection of the candidate but now the selection totally depends on person’s abilities , institution does not matter at all. Q: 4 Do you hire employees which are having good G.PA? Ans: GPA does not matter if the person’s basic concepts are clear about his major subjects. Q: 5 What is the portion of personality assessment and technical assessment in your interview and tests? Ans: Well, it depends on job. For management job the portion of personality assessment is 60 % and technical assessment  is 40 % while for engineers the portion of technical assessment is more than personality assessment. Q: 6 Do you prefer I.Q or E.Q? State the reason. Ans: They prefer E.Q over I.Q because an emotionally intelligent person is emotionally more stable and can adjust in nestle culture he can show high growth in a very short time period and we want such candidates. Q: 7 How one should introduce oneself? Ans: First, you should tell your strengths and then weakness. Also tell about your some unique ability that differs you from others e.g. basketball player, a good swimmer etc. Q: 8 Do you prefer panel interview or individual interview? State the reason. Ans: Mostly panel interview is preferable but sometimes-individual interview is also taken when others are busy. Q: 9 Do physical appearance matter during interview? Ans: Physical appearances do not matter at all. They consider the person is all abilities. Q: 10 Do you prefer experienced graduates to non-experienced graduates? Ans: It depends on the particular job. At primary level, they do not need experienced ones but at higher level, they want experienced ones. Q: 11 While hiring does you prefer boys over girls? Ans: When in an interview both boy and girl are at same level they prefer girl over boy, to maintain gender balance because in nestle the percentage of girls are only 4%. Q: 12 What are the things that attracted employees to work for this organization? Ans: Following are the incentives to attract candidates: * Growth * International organization * If a candidate is consistently working well they send him to other countries. * Diversity * Flexibility for family * Female friendly * Environment is good * Nestle is a big name Q: 13 Are majority of Pakistani candidates worthy or not with the perspective of personality of communication skills? State the reason. Ans: Yes, communication skills hold a very important position specially in the field of marketing. Their total weightage is 60 %. Q: 15 While hiring you prefer references or merit for the selection of the candidates? Ans: They prefer merit for selection but if the candidate with reference is more capable then we will hire the latter one. Q: 16 while hiring do you discriminate between a religious or a modern personality? Ans: No, nestle do not discriminate between a religious and a modern personality. They still have women working with veil and men with beard. Q: 17 do you prefer an English-speaking candidate or Urdu speaking candidate? Ans: We don’t give preference to any specific language , what matters is the confidence and how well a person communicate with others. However if the person can speak multiple languages it gives a good impression. Q: 18 do family background, caste, color or creed matters? Ans: No , caste, color or creed does not matter at all but as far as family background is concern we ask, to know whether a person has mobility factor or not, whether he can go to our other branches in different cities or not. Q: 19 What advice you suggest us for our personality grooming? Ans: Following are the suggestions: * Should have knowledge about the current affairs. * Should take part in extracurricular activities that will show that he is hardworking that he participates in extracurricular activities while maintaining the good G.P.A. * Basic concepts should be clear. Q: 20 What do you see while firing a staff member? Ans: Firing a person is more difficult task. Nestle fired an employee due to miss management in matter of corruption or when he does anything illegal. Q: 21 Any interesting interview you want to share with us? Ans: She shared an interesting interview with us that a girl who had applied for the job came to us. She had a clear and focused aim of what she wants to be in future. Q: 22 What are the basic points which you observe during interview? Ans: Following are the basic points: * C.V should be impressive and influencing one. One should not use the C.V of others, such that it should not get lost in the crowd. * Introduce yourself: first strengths and then weakness. * Do homework about organization. * Confidence level. * Basic concepts should be clear. * 5 years plan. * Should have knowledge about the current affairs. Q: 23 Any tip for giving a good interview? Ans: Following are the tips: * High confidence level but not over confident. * One should be comfortable to oneself and should know oneself very well. * One should know his subject and should have a firm grasp on the subject. * Basic concepts should be clear. * One should be friendly, humility and behave well to others. * Should take part in extracurricular activities that will show that he is hardworking that he participates in extracurricular activities while maintaining the good G.P.A. * Dressing should be formal. Conclusion: we have gone through all the different procedures and management activities  of nestle .we apply all our knowledge and studies in the research of management activities of nestle, this was a great practical experience for us that will help us in practical life as well and the project will help us in practical life as well and the project will help us to know the management of an organization.

To Build A Fire Essay -- essays research papers

Sometimes everyone feels like giving up, and the only thing a person can rely on is his will to survive. Giving up is admitting defeat, in every circumstance. In the story by Jack London, To Build a Fire, the main character learns a hard lesson of reality, when he meets his fate. The result came about because of many factors, mainly the man’s lack of psychological perserverance on the journey, as well as the harsh temperature and surroundings. If there was any hope for the man to survive these conditions, it would rely wholey on his persistance and motivation. The man expected his fate after it was too late to change it, weighing all the variables and realizing there was no probable way to escape his prediciment. The man’s fate was ultimately decided by his lack of imagination and carelessness. Beginning the tale, the man is secure in his journey and firmly believes even though he is traveling alone, he will be successful in his pursuit. He discounted the advice from men from Sulphur Creek, who advised it was potentially hazardous to travel alone. He had false confidence in himself. For example, despite the dangerously cold temperatures, he did not take necessary precautions when he built his first crucial fire. Then, when he realized his mistake, he didn’t realize how serious it was until he could not start another effective fire. If the man would have had an additional human to accompany him on his journey, he would have been initially much safer. He showed carelessness ...

Genetically Modified Foods: Their Benefits and Drawbacks

Dear Senator Cornyn, As a United States Senator representing the state of Texas, you know that representing the best interests of your constituents is a full time job. Perhaps one of the most important items in the lives of Texans is how and where their supply of food is produced. While normal agricultural techniques do provide many of the food in the market today, genetically modified foods, or GM foods are quickly becoming an integral part of America's food system. This letter is being submitted to offer you a brief summary of what genetically modified foods are, their benefits, and their drawbacks. It is our hope that you will use this information to make informed decisions concerning this controversial subject. Specifically speaking, genetic modification is a special set of technologies that alter genetic makeup of organisms such as animals, plants, or bacteria. It is a form of biotechnology in which specific gene sequences are inserted into a specific plant or animal so that the trait exhibited by the gene is manifested in the plant or animal. By allowing specific genes to be re-combined, the value of the recipient organism can be greatly increased. The potential risks attributed to such a genetically engineered crop can also be increased. Based on the available information, there are quite a number of tangible benefits to genetically modified plants. Crops can be genetically engineered to be more resistant to pests, either plant or animal. By making such plants as corn, soybeans or even alfalfa more resistant, the resultant crop yields are larger, and the need for environmentally dangerous pesticides or herbicides are decreased greatly. Other crops, such as rice, have been genetically modified to include iron and Vitamin A to increase their health benefits. There are some risks involved with using genetically modified crops. One of the most far reaching is the possibility of the genetically modified foods harming other organisms. A recent study of Cornell University indicated that a gene for a bacterial toxin inserted into corn was poisonous to monarch butterfly larvae. It is a prime example of the far reaching affects of such alteration in the food system. Another risk inherent in this type of modification is uncontrolled cross-pollination. Once a modified gene is placed within a plant, it is extremely difficult to prevent it spreading to the rest of the crop. There is a strong possibility of a once desirable modification becoming an undesirable trait in another plant. Finally, the modified plants that have an increased resistance to pests and weeds can in time promote the evolution of more resilient weeds and pests through cross breeding or selective evolution. At the time, no medical harm to humans has been traced to ingesting genetically modified foods. It should be remembered, that is not the same as proving that genetically modified organisms pose no potential dangers. It is our hope that this letter will provide you with a very brief overview of the many benefits and potential drawbacks of genetically modified foods. Please feel free to contact us or other industry experts if you require further or more detailed information.

Dutchman – Thematic Analysis Paper

Williams, Jae`da June 19, 2012 ENC 1102 Dutchman Thematic Analysis The phrase â€Å"racial tension† is a small description of the main theme in Dutchman by Amiri Baraka. While race is a vital part of the underlying messages in the play, it stems to a much broader term. In Dutchman Amiri Baraka attempts to grasp the attention of the African American society. Baraka uses Clay’s character to show readers that complete assimilation into another culture is wrong. He wants to awaken the African American men and women in a predominately Caucasian American culture to subconsciously kill the person that is portrayed by Clay in the play.Not only does Baraka want readers and audience members to kill their inner Clay, but refuse to conform to what is known as the â€Å"Average African American man /woman†. The post-thought process that takes place after reading or seeing the play is what triggers the desire to re-evaluate oneself in who they are and how they are portrayed in society. In the article Dutchman Reconsidered by Thaddeus Martin, it is said that Lula’s whimsical and formless personality is Baraka’s way of saying that the freedom of whites is boundless, and Clays â€Å"Puritanical and Victorian† ways shows how blacks are condemned to suffer the furies of that freedom. Martin 62) For example Clay and Lula’s dialogue in scene one: â€Å"Clay: Wow. All these people, so suddenly. They must all come from the same place. Lula:Right. That they do. Clay: Oh? You know about them too? Lula: Oh yeah. About them more than I know about you. Do they frighten you? Clay: Frighten me? Why should they frighten me? Lula: ‘Cause you’re an escaped nigger. Clay: Yeah? Lula: ‘Cause you crawled through the wire and made tracks to my side? Clay: Wire? Lula: Don’t they have wire around plantations? Clay: You must be Jewish. All you can think about is wire.Plantations didn’t have any wire. Plantations were bi g open whitewashed places like heaven, and everybody on ‘em was grooved to be there. Just strummin’ and hummin’ all day. Lula: Yes, yes. † (Baraka 2754) Lula refers to Clay as an escaped nigger because he crawled through the wire and made tracks to her side. Lula’s reason for saying such a statement shows the common assumption that all black people admire white style. With Clay giving such an apathetic response to Lula’s comment, it is an example of the suggested submissiveness to white authority from an African American.This kind of behavior from Clay is used as a reminder to African Americans to idolize the thoughts and ideas of Caucasians. (Martin 62) There is a power struggle between black and white in Dutchman. When Clay was the more dominant character as an African American man he had a sense of confidence and assurance about himself, but once he is killed, his character is seen as the person you don’t want to be. Baraka’s idea is that if you take on the ways of Clay eventually you will end up someone you’re not, losing your true self.On the contrary when Lula was the more dominant person she had a sense of esteem that overpowered Clays. Her overpowering attitude is to symbolize the dominating cultural presence white people have over blacks. Even with all of the sarcastic comments Clay made as comebacks to Lula, her ingenious way of insulting him still left her with the upper hand. Clays laid back attitude toward Lula is admirable, almost as if he looks up to her wanting to be her. Clay’s admiration for Lula did not begin when she stepped on the train but originated in his upbringing.His yearning to fit into the white culture that seemed to be much better off than he was is what established his appreciation for the white society. (Kumar 277-278) At first he tolerates her comments and attempts to take them lightheartedly, because he has hopes at being intimate with Lula. Willing to listen to a white woman strip him of his pride and manhood just for a night of pleasure, Clay is submitting to the dominant character of Lula. In scene two Lula’s insulting comments progress: â€Å"Lula: Uhh! Uhh! Clay! Clay! You middle-class black bastard.Forget your social-working mother for a few seconds and let’s knock stomachs. Clay, you liver-lipped white man. You would-be Christian. You ain’t no nigger, you’re just a dirty white man. Get up. Clay. Dance, with me, Clay. Clay: Lula! Sit down, now. Be cool. † Even through Lula insulted him and spoke badly about his mother clay still responded in an apprehensive way. Lula’s aggressiveness in her speech angers Clay to the point where he curses at her, that is after she calls him an Uncle Tom Wooly Head. (Martin 62)(Kumar 276) At the end of scene one Lula says â€Å"You’re a murderer, Clay, and you know it. (Baraka 2751)This quote could be thought of as a subliminal way of saying that Cla y killed the black man inside of him. All throughout the first scene Lula has the more aggressive and dominant role, but in scene two Clay takes on the more authoritative role, while Lula ends up being the actual murderer at the end of the play. Lula’s plot to kill Clay is in some way foreshadowed when the other passengers board the train and she says â€Å"we’ll pretend that people cannot see you†. (Baraka 2751) Clay tries to defend himself all throughout the play but doesn’t succeed because he can’t defend something that he is not.While Lula is insulting the stereotypes and behavior of black men, Clay cannot fully defend them because he himself isn’t truly â€Å"black†. (Klinkowitz 123-124) Baraka used a sense of satire because instead of directly inputting his opinion about Clay he played off of Lula’s character, which provoked Clay to portray through his actions the person readers don’t want to be. This kind of appro ach causes readers to think about whom they are and their role in society. Dutchman raises the attention of readers black or white and makes each think of who they really are.Even through the personalities of each character, any reader can apply themselves to the situation. With America becoming so diverse in the last decades assimilating ourselves into different cultures has become almost second nature, so adapting to other cultures has not caused us to loose who we really are but to accustom ourselves to change. Baraka didn’t want readers to internally kill the person they were inside, but to do away with the person that they weren’t. Complete and total assimilation into another culture is what Clay did to himself and is what Baraka wants Blacks to not do.Instead, he wants Blacks to never forget who they are, but to not be so narrow minded that they are blind to the world around them. Jae`da WilliamsAnnotated Bibilography Galens, David M. Dutchman-Amiri,Baraka. Drama For Students. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 141-59. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Cengage Learning. Web. 31 May 2012. Electronic Book. Drama for Students gives readers different outlooks on a variety of texts. The approach taken to analyze the piece Dutchman is unique, because instead of offering one theme there are multiple.This allows readers to take it upon themselves to decide what they think about the play. By providing plot summaries it allows readers to take what they thought about the text and apply it to a more condensed version. Drama for Students would work best in a classroom, considering it’s written for students. Since it is written in a form for students to learn and comprehend, it would be no challenge to grasp the concepts presented. This non-complex approach to the play will help the clearness of my research. The direct approach should help anyone who uses this resource.Understanding the background of the play is not difficult, because of the short author biography provided. This makes the Dutchman than just a piece of literature, but rather a piece of the author. Piggford, George. â€Å"Looking into Black Skulls : American Gothic, the Revolutionary Theatre, and Amiri Baraka’s Dutchman. †Ã‚  American Gothic: New Interventions in a National Narrative. Iowa: University of Iowa, 1998. 143-59. EBSCO Host. Web. 30 June 2012. Electronic Book. Piggfords approach in comparing Dutchman to African-American Gothic literature is different from the other resources that I have come across.The social and political events that were taking place while the play was written have a lot to do with Piggfords ideas on the underlying issues Baraka implemented into the play. It is aid that Dutchman marked the end of a certain type of theater, the kind that uses social structures as the gateway to examining the black psyche. This book is very helpful because it not only addresses the things that are usually looked for in a piece of work such as theme, characters motivation, outside influences and the authors influence.The title and the way the text makes others feel is a part of the meaning of the play in its entirety. Martin, Thaddeus. â€Å"Dutchman Reconsidered. †Ã‚  Black American Literature Forum  2nd ser. 11 (1977). Web. 23 May 2012. Online Article. In this review Martin gives an analysis of the characters in Dutchman, mainly Clay and Lula. By using quotes from the text, his ideas about the play seem to have a great amount of relevance and validity. Although the article is short it brings much insight to my research because of its strong argument.It presents an idea, and then runs with it. Martin doesn't waver in what he believes is the message that is in Dutchman. Even though his ideas are similar to other journal reviews, Martin includes more of his opinion rather than relying on past events and political issues that were that were prominent in that time. It's almost as if Martin is taking into considerati on the feelings of the characters of this play. He relates the feelings of average Americans to the characters of the play; this gives a more personal feel to the research. Kumar, Nita. The Logic of Retribution: Amiri Baraka's â€Å"Dutchman†Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  African American Review  37. 2/3 (2003): 271-79. JSTOR. Web. 23 May 2012. Online Article. Nita Kumar's response to the Dutchman is very useful in my research because its examples are from other reviews of the work. This type of literary construction gives Kumar’s work more versatility. It is able to suit different opinions without insulting anyone’s views. In Dutchman, the use of language plays an important role, and Kumar recognizes that. Examining the language used and how it helps the characters feed off of one another is important.This will help anyone who reads the review grasp an understanding on why some things were said and exactly what they mean. Putting her ideas into categories, Kumar’s' review is very well organized which makes it beneficial to my research. The organization of the article makes it a lot easier for readers to follow along and allow time for things to process, which is why it is so ideal for research. Klinkowitz, Jerome. â€Å"LeRoi Jones: Dutchman as Drama. †Ã‚  Negro American Literature Forum  7. 4 (1973): 123-26. JSTOR. Web. 23 May 2012. Online Article.This text offers a great layout of information. Klinkowitz takes pages of text in the play and evaluates it, instead of the entire play as a whole. This approach literally breaks down the quotes and thoughts of the characters. This piece even analyzes the position that LeRoi Jones was in when he wrote the Dutchman. Not only does he break down the pages of the script, but still does not fail to incorporate other writers ideas and opinions in his work, Instead of taking away from the point that Klinkowitz is trying to make, the examples make his writing more relatable and personal.The continual flo w of criticism allows for the author to be very static in his opinions. Just as a teacher would teach their students a lesson, allowing room for opinions and ideas, Klinkowitz allows readers to input their own thoughts and ideas on the play. Works Cited Galens, David M. Dutchman-Amiri,Baraka. Drama For Students. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 141-59. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Cengage Learning. Web. 31 May 2012. Electronic Book. Piggford, George. â€Å"Looking into Black Skulls : American Gothic, the Revolutionary Theatre, and Amiri Baraka’s Dutchman.   American Gothic: New Interventions in a National Narrative. Iowa: University of Iowa, 1998. 143-59. EBSCO Host. Web. 30 June 2012. Electronic Book. Martin, Thaddeus. â€Å"Dutchman Reconsidered. †Ã‚  Black American Literature Forum  2nd ser. 11 (1977). Web. 23 May 2012. Online Article. Kumar, Nita. â€Å"The Logic of Retribution: Amiri Baraka's â€Å"Dutchman†Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  African American Review  37. 2/3 (2003): 271-79. JSTOR. Web. 23 May 2012. Online Article. Klinkowitz, Jerome. â€Å"LeRoi Jones: Dutchman as Drama. †Ã‚  Negro American Literature Forum  7. 4 (1973): 123-26. JSTOR. Web. 23 May 2012. Online Article.

Dr. Martin Luther King Essay

Dr. Martin Luther King Essay Free Online Research Papers Being known as a man beyond his years, Martin Luther King Jr. envisioned something that many during his time period didn’t. He saw a possibility of change for minorities all throughout the United States. Despite the fact that slavery had been abolished for sometime, Dr. King noticed that hatred, oppression, and the want for true freedom was still apparent throughout the country. Instead of sitting there waiting for change, he took action and sparked a revolution that had never been seen before in history. This change, in Dr. King’s words had been well over due. Dr. King had been exceptionally inspired by a dream, this dream evolving into a powerful movement. During his time, desegregation of the South was viewed by many as an impossible task. Although many bombarded Dr. King with ridicule, he ignored the negative and still strived to achieve his dream. Dr. King’s vision was always present and attempted in the years before him, but none proved to be successful due to strict laws created by southern officials. Inspired by Gandhi, Dr. King used nonviolent methods of protest to not only move the hearts of mankind, but also to inspire youths to pursue their dreams and aspirations. The followers of Dr. King held many peaceful demonstrations including marches and sit-ins to bring about change. The main intent of the demonstrations was to get a point across peacefully, but some events lead to violence brought forth by the police force and racist organizations. The violence and hatred of some only created an everlasting hunger in Dr. King’s followers to keep pressing onward in reaching their goal. Dr. King and his followers came to the conclusion that they would no longer allow themselves to turn their backs from such oppression. This was in the benefit for not only black rights, but for the rights of all oppressed around the world. Martin Luther King Jr. has proved himself to be a great visionary and drastically impacted the world due to his actions. He pushed and pushed, and eventually saw the hearts of his fellow man slowly change. Sadly, like so many great men before him he passed away before he saw his vision in full effect. Dr. King’s dream still lives on today instilled in the heart of every American no matter what race or ethnicity. When we gaze at what Dr. King accomplished, we see a man who changed the world. Martin Luther King Jr. will always be remembered in history as a great man. Research Papers on Dr. Martin Luther King EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBringing Democracy to AfricaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelQuebec and CanadaCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

How is Walmart effecting our economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How is Walmart effecting our economy - Essay Example Additionally, Wal-Mart has a tendency of providing a wide range of products for its consumers especially in the rural areas according to Hicks (2007). This is especially true of supercenters which sell products ranging from garments, cuisine, and hardware to optical services. The lower prices and the high accessibility to products in one area offers direct benefits to local consumers economically. The magnitude of the benefits varies with different regions depending on how the prices are low, and the distance the consumers have to travel in order to access the wide array of goods. The fact that Wal-Mart can trade its products at cheaper prices than other retailers provides an intense risk to the feasibility of other retailers near them. In most cases, the newly established retailers are forced to close or downsize their business when Wal-Mart opens a new branch in that region. This is because the number of their customers tends to decline as they shift to Wal-Mart. Other businesses providing products and services not offered by Wal-Mart tend to benefit due to the proximity with Wal-Mart which attracts many customers as suggested by Anderson (2011). These include businesses providing home furnishings and some foodstuff. Nevertheless, despite the positive effect, Wal-Mart as a whole has depressing impact on the operation of other local retail outlets. A typical Wal-Mart store employs around150 to 350 workers while a supercenter employs around500 employees. However, most of these workers are employed on part time basis. In evaluating the overall effects of Wal-Mart, the new jobs need to be balanced against jobs lost by the competing businesses. Moreover, with Wal-Mart’s extremely centralized supply-chain management, wholesalers and distributors at the local level are likely to experience breakdown on the demand of their services according to Renkow (2005). A good example of the general adjustments arising in the local job market as a