Discuss what the various responses to omens, nightmares...

One of the major concerns presented by Shakespeare in Julius Caesar is the struggle between fate and free will. This struggle is evident throughout the play through Shakespeares continual presentation of the supernatural. The supernatural is present in many different forms in the text, for example through omens, nightmares and sacrifices. Shakespeare believed that life was a combination of fate and freewill, he presents this idea to the audience through different events that occur throughout the play, events such as the Feast at the Lupercal, the Soothsayers prophecy, the animal sacrifice, Calpurnias dream and the presence of animals and Caesars ghost. These events build dramatic tension throughout the play, illustrating the struggle of†¦show more content†¦This flawed justification illustrates his confusion and how he does not seem to connect death with himself. Pathetic Fallacy is used by Shakespeare to create a mood of malevolence and darkness. Thunder and lightning is used frequently in the early stages of the play to highlight the lack of balance in the natural world. For example, when the conspirators are trying to convince Brutus to join the conspiracy there is a storm with thunder and lightning, this creates an ominous tone as an Elizabethan audience would have recognised the storm as an omen of unrest. The Elizabethans believed that storms released forces of evil and unrest, this indicates the unnatural dominance of corruption. The turmoil of the heavens directly represents the state of Rome and the minds of men, in particular, Brutus. The rampant storm and the peculiar signs of disharmony are misinterpreted by Caesar and this becomes an increasing important concern in the play. The ambiguities present in the omens are summed up by Cicero, men may construe things after their fashion clean from the purpose of the things themselves. T his is one message that Shakespeare presents to the audience, men at some stage are masters of their fates.

Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy Free Essays

The declaration of recession by the United States of America has been the official indicator that the country is indeed very much affected by the global financial crisis. The country is facing difficulties in many areas especially when it comes to the situation of their economy. This is clearly exemplified by an article that features President-elect Barack Obama urging the Congress to allow his administration to use the other $ 350 billion of the $ 700 billion rescue package. We will write a custom essay sample on Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main objective of the Obama administration is to use the $ 350 billion of financial bailout funds to help the Main Street more rather than the Wall Street. This amount of money will become available to the Treasury Department within the span of 15 days unless the Congress will pass a law to prevent it (Kelley and Fritze). However, some Republicans clearly oppose the plan to spend more. They justified such position with their perspective that such plan will not be effective. These Republicans asserted that they will only support the spending if there are assurances that the money will not be misspent. There are also some American citizens who are also skeptical about Obama’s plan because of the mismanagement of the first $ 350 billion during the Bush Administration. On the other hand, those who support Obama’s request understand the weariness of the people but they encourage them not to prevent the Obama Administration to use the funds because of their disappointment with the previous administration. President Obama sought to reassure the Congress by promising them that there will be transparency to the process and more money will be directed to address the foreclosure crisis. This is in support with the letter sent by Obama’s economic adviser Lawrence Summers to the Congressional leaders that the country’s fragile economy entails them to act â€Å"both quickly and wisely† (Kelley and Fritze). The economic principle applicable to this article is fiscal policy. Fiscal policy pertains to the â€Å"deliberate changes in government spending and tax collections designed to achieve full employment, control inflation, and encourage economic growth† (McConnell and Brue 214). In relation with this, the request of President Obama for $ 350 billion exemplifies fiscal policy. The situation of the country under which the President made this request is in time of recession. It is said that fiscal policy is most applicable in such kind of economic condition. During time of recession, an expansionary fiscal policy is a possible way to address the problem. A possible reason behind the occurrence of recession is that the profit expectations on investment project have dimmed which curtailed investment spending and decreased aggregate demand. In this case, the federal government has three main options that it can use in order to stimulate the economy. These options are: (1) Increase government spending, (2) reduce taxes, or (3) use some combination of the two (McConnell and Brue 215). It is quite observable that President Obama opted to choose the first option, which is increased in government spending. A sufficient increase in the spending of the government can aid in pushing the economy out of recession. This will address one of the problems in times of recession because increased government spending will also increase aggregate demand. Nevertheless, the initial increase in aggregate demand is not the end because the multiplier effect will increase the original money spent by the government. The greater shift in the aggregate demand curve due to the multiplier process that magnifies the initial variation in spending into more successive rounds of new consumption spending (McConnell and Brue 215-216). Lastly, the political considerations that are observable in the article are also a part of implementing fiscal policy. This is due to the fact that fiscal policy is conducted in the political environment. As a result, economic considerations might be taken aside because of political concerns. It is also a common practice for politicians to rationalize actions and policies that are beneficial to one’s interest (McConnell and Brue 223). This is clearly proven by the opposite poles that the Republicans and Democrats have with regards to this issue. How to cite Barack Obama’s $ 350 Billion Request in Relation to Fiscal Policy, Papers

Economic and Security Review Commission †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic and Security Review Commission. Answer: Introduction: Tesco PLC is a multinational grocery and retail organization and they belong to Britain with the headquarters in, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom. It was found in 1919.This organization is known as the grocery king in the United of Kingdom. They are also known on the basis of their ranks in the global market as they are in the third position in terms of profits in their industry and they stand on the 9th position in terms of revenues in the global market. They are present in most big and emerging markets such as Asia, Europe, Hungry, Thailand, etc. They provide various types of goods as well as services to its consumers. Household items, grocery products, electronics management, furniture, etc. are some of the fields w=in which their presence could be found. More than 476,000 employees are working under in Tesco PLC across the globe and their subsidiaries companies are Tesco Stores Ltd., Tesco Bank, Tesco Mobile, Tesco Ireland, Tesco Family Dining Ltd., etc. In 2001, Tesco was involved in selling grocery items through internet sources in the US market and they attained 35% stake. With this success factor, Tesco starts selling its items through both mediums i.e. online sources as well as physical sources (Backer, 2010). According to the Network Society theory of the globalisation of the business, economy needs to be consisted with informational, knowledge-based, networked, etc. in terms of global networks of interactions. The economy which can work as one unit in order to attain desired goals and the objectives using adequate development in the information technology, computers, internet, and a new technological paradigm which leads to the new mode of development. With the adaptation of this theory for enhancing the globalisation in the business, adequate network structure will be made through which interaction level with the new technology paradigm will be enhanced. It enhanced the cultural material to increase the global economy for transforming the commodities into a processed knowledge. With the consumption of the information technology forces, a unique link between the culture and the productive forces will be developed which will lead to the enhancement in the production cycle (Chen Young, 20 10). Human society has also gained adequate advantage with the help of Network Society theory of globalisation. Information technology has a great impact and due to the implementation of the IT in the society and the business cultures, various types of advantages have been gained by them. IT has reduced the burden from the humans mind as with the help of IT sources, appropriate development has been occurred (Cui Jiang, 2012). Tesco PLC has also adopted this theory in order to enhance their performance and to move towards the global market. The major reason behind the success of the Tesco is the implementation as well as adaptation of the Information Technological sources for imposing the unique and centralised control system over all stores, subsidiary companies across the global market. Tesco PLC has attained adequate image in the global market and this is due to the adaptation of the Network Society Theory of globalisation. This theory explains that humans, as well as business firms, have adopted the advanced system for moving towards the global market for various purposes such as an expansion of the business, growth of the business, setting adequate image in the global market, etc. Hence, the same theory suits with the working procedure of the Tesco PLC and this is the major reason of their presence in more than 12 countries across the globe. Tesco PLC is the only retail store multination corporation o f Britain which has developed their presence in the overseas market management (Dunning, 2012). Host country analysis Tesco PLC is already present in the Chinese market but with the emerging market opportunities in China, Tesco has decided to introduce another retail store in the Chinese market. The major key factor is the emerging markets and the emerging economic conditions of the Chinese market. Following are the factors available in the Chinese market which attracts the business organization to expand their business in Chinese market: Capital Availability: Foreign Direct Investment is the terms which define the interest of a foreigner in local economy accepting risks and other factors available in the certain economic conditions. Till the late 1990s, US markets were the favourable choice for the foreign investors but in the early 2000s, China overtook US market and for the foreign companies, Chinese markets are favourable locations in terms of business expansion as well as for investment purposes (Jiang Sinton, 2011). Competitiveness: Chinese markets have the adequate availability of all the resources at cheap rates which are required for setting up the business in the foreign markets. Labour, workforce skills, talents, as well as the business development value chain are some of the resources available to China which attracts the Tesco to set up their store over there (Li, Cui Lu, 2014). Regulatory Environment: Every organization needs to fulfil the host countrys rules, regulations, policies, etc. in relation to avoid any kind of glitches in the activities of the organization. Regulatory environment describes that Chinese markets environmental conditions are quite simple and favourable in terms of business entities. Business entities need to fulfil the requirements determined by the government authorities in relation to the environmental conditions for enhancing the effectiveness in the organizational workplace. Apart from this, there are lot of factors available in the Chinese market which attracts the foreign companies to invest as well as to expand their business over there (Liang, Reiner Li, 2011). As per the Porters Diamond theory, it refers to the national advantage to certain country due to certain natural resources availability amongst the various countries of the globe. Those resources could be land, labour, skills, etc. These factors help the country to gain adequate competitive advantage in the global market. Country can gain the competitive advantage due to existing availability of the resources or they could also create their country sufficient enough to compete in the global market with certain unique capabilities. In this scenario, China has created them sufficient enough in recent years through utilising available resources in their country (Shealy Dorian, 2010). The major issue from which China was struggling was emerging population and they utilised their manpower in order to gain the competitive advantage in the global market. They have made their country as skilled labour as well as governments support for increasing the economic capability of the country. This is the reason; China has overtaken the US market in terms of getting high foreign direct investments. With the implementation of the policies in relation with utilising the available natural or human resources by the China, other countries have adopted the strategies adopted and implemented by the Chinese government. Continuous improvement in the Chinese GDP and in the national income, the major reason is adaptation of the unique strategies for utilising the available resources within the country to make the country capable enough to gain the adequate competitive advantage in the global market (Song, Yang Zhang, 2011). Foreign Entry Strategies Tesco PLC could choose absolute advantage theory or the new trade theory for analysing the available market entry options in the Chinese market. Absolute Theory refers to the concept where an organization produces high quality and huge quantity of certain products. This theory deals with the market entry strategies in the international market. Chinese market has gained the advantage in the competitive market using available manpower resources within the country. Tesco PLC could use this theory in order to determine the available market entry strategies for entering the Chinese market management for trading purpose. With the implementation of this theory, organization will be able to fulfil its requirements in relation to the adequate market entry strategy for entering the foreign country to perform business functionalities. Using this theory, Tesco could finalise one of the effective strategies for the purpose of entering into foreign country from licensing, franchising, joint ventur e, etc. types of market entry strategies (Szamosszegi Kyle, 2011). Apart from absolute advantage theory of choosing the adequate market entry strategy, Tesco could also choose the new trade theory for determining the available market entry strategies. This theory explains that trading activities increase with the increase in the FDI and the productivity level of the country. This theory is based on the assumptions such as monopolistic competition and rapid increase in the returns. According to this theory, international organizations attract towards the country through reviewing the productivity, skilled labour, etc. resources availability. With the implementation of this theory, organization would be able to analyse the appropriate market entry strategy through reviewing the available resources in China (Yi Davey, 2010). Market entry mode choosing is not an easy task; it requires adequate research and efforts. On the basis of market entry mode, success and the growth of the organization could be determined. Certain factors such as controlling measures, resource commitment, risk factors of the economy, etc. available in the country should be determined by selecting the appropriate mode for the Tesco to enter into Chinese market (Park, et. al., 2008). MNC and its impact The International business challenge may be referred as the risks and the uncertainties factors available in the economy in which organization is planning to expand their business (Newman, 2014). Expanding business in the overseas market could lead to various issues which could affect the performance of the organization. These issues act as the barriers to the success and the growth in the organizational functionalities. High risk factors involved in the certain market conditions, lack of skilled labour, lack of adequate financial resources, etc. are some of the issues present in the economy which could affect the business' performance, as well as the assumption of enhancing the demand of the organizational products, enhancement in the success as well as in the growth rate of the organization, will not be fulfilled. Following are some of the biggest challenges which could affect the Tesco's planning in order to enter the Chinese market for the purpose of expansion: Chinese Laws and Regulations: Before commencing the trading activities in the foreign market conditions, organization needs to evaluate and fulfil certain requirements in relation to the rules and the regulations described by the host countrys government. Tax legislations, laws of trading activities, etc. are some of the laws which need to be fulfilled by the organization to avoid disturbance in the trading activities which may arise due to non-fulfillment of the laws and regulations of the particular country. Apart from this, workplace requirements should also be considered. China has introduced various laws in relation to maintaining the worker's interest in the organization and they cannot be retrenched or terminated without any specific reason. As China has gained the top rank amongst the most emerging economies and the major factor behind this achievement is the labour of the China. China has utilised its population in an appropriate manner and as a result, they are known as the largest producer of various products and services, most favourable place in terms of FDI, etc. Hence, reviewing these factors, Tesco PLC needs to fulfil all these requirements especially requirements linked with the labours requirements in order to avoid glitches in the functionalities of the organization in terms of expansion of the business (Hamamura, et. al., 2009). Communication and Cultural Differences: Adaptation of effective communication strategy to operate the business activities act as the effective international business strategy. However, this may differ as per the culture. Thus, Tesco needs to adopt cross-cultural competencies in order to gain the adequate communication skills for the organization. In terms of international trading activities, organization needs to adopt certain effective communication strategies for making the effective communication amongst the colleagues, clients, foreign customers, etc. In the absence of practicing these strategies, organization may face the issues such as breaching of contracts in terms of trading activities, etc. (Hofstede, 2011). Multinational Corporations have created a great impact on the various countries economies. Due to development of MNCs, various opportunities such as employment, rise in the GDP, foreign direct investment, etc. have also increased. Thus, while performing the functionalities, MNCs needs to consider Global Compact Principles and the sustainable development goals in order to attain the organization as well as host countrys objectives. Certain global compact principles are human rights, labour, Environment, anti-corruption. Human Rights principles state that the MNCs need to support and respect the internationally proclaimed human rights in accordance with the organizational functionalities. Along with supporting and respecting human rights, organization needs to make sure that these rights do not be overruled as well as they should not be abused (Imada, 2012). Labour which is the important factor available in the Chinese markets should be protected from all the unethical activities to be conducted in the workplace. Child labour should be abolished, discriminatory practices should also be abolished which could affect the business performance. Environmental policies, rules and other requirements in consideration with the environmental conditions should also be considered while performing the functionalities of the organization (McSweeney, 2002). With the implementation and the adaptation of global compact principles as well as the sustainable development goals, organization will be able to attain the desired goals and the objectives for the origination (Kirby, 2017). References Backer, L.C., 2010, Sovereign investing in times of crisis: global regulation of sovereign wealth funds, state-owned enterprises, and the Chinese experience,Transnat'l L. Contemp. Probs.,vol. 19, pp.3. Chen, Y.Y. Young, M.N., 2010, Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by Chinese listed companies: A principalprincipal perspective,Asia Pacific Journal of Management,vol. 27 (3), pp.523-539. Cui, L. Jiang, F., 2012, State ownership effect on firms' FDI ownership decisions under institutional pressure: a study of Chinese outward-investing firms,Journal of International Business Studies,vol. 43 (3), pp.264-284. Dunning, J.H., 2012,Routledge, International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Hamamura, T., Meijer, Z., Heine, S. J., Kamaya, K., Hori, I., 2009, ApproachAvoidance motivation and information processing: A cross-cultural analysis,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,35(4), 454-462. Hofstede, G., 2011, Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context,Online readings in psychology and culture,2(1), 8. Imada, T., 2012, Cultural narratives of individualism and collectivism: A content analysis of textbook stories in the United States and Japan,Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,43(4), 576-591. Jiang, J. Sinton, J., 2011, Overseas investments by Chinese national oil companies. Kirby, P. W., 2017,Troubled natures: waste, environment, Japan, University of Hawai'i Press. Li, M.H., Cui, L. Lu, J., 2014, Varieties in state capitalism: Outward FDI strategies of central and local state-owned enterprises from emerging economy countries,Journal of International Business Studies,vol. 45 (8), pp.980-1004. Liang, X., Reiner, D. Li, J., 2011, Perceptions of opinion leaders towards CCS demonstration projects in China,Applied Energy,vol. 88 (5), pp.1873-1885. McSweeney, B., 2002, Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith-a failure of analysis,Human relations,55(1), 89-118. Newman, A., 2014, Business Communication: In Person, In Print, Online, USA: Cengage Learning. Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M. K., Omurgonulsen, U., 2008, Cultural orientation and attitudes toward different forms of whistleblowing: A comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the UK,Journal of Business Ethics,82(4), 929-939. Shealy, M. Dorian, J.P., 2010, Growing Chinese coal use: dramatic resource and environmental implications,Energy Policy,vol. 38 (5), pp.2116-2122. Song, L., Yang, J. Zhang, Y., 2011, State?owned Enterprises' Outward Investment and the Structural Reform in China,China World Economy,vol. 19 (4), pp.38-53. Szamosszegi, A. Kyle, C., 2011,Capital Trade, Incorporated for US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, An analysis of state-owned enterprises and state capitalism in China, pp. 89. Yi, A. Davey, H., 2010, Intellectual capital disclosure in Chinese (mainland) companies,Journal of intellectual capital,vol. 11 (3), pp.326-347.